device info: Android 6/Cyanogenmod 13, Samsung Galaxy Tab S (T700),
SD card 119 GB (exFAT); most recent Google Play store/services
rooted: yes
Error message: "rename failed"
Fix: Mashmallow SD fix (Xposed plugin) - added Total Commander to the list of apps
I can still move, copy and rename single files - sdcard write permission is given. "Root functions everywhere" is checked.
I'm not sure if Google Play fixes for older devices★ play any role here; alternatively something old broke in the course of updating the app for recent Android versions.
★ can't find details about those (other than Play Protect), but they're offerend when you sign into a Play account - helpful links appreciated

Other indicators something is off:
- editing/saving text files in Total Commander text editor doesn't work - Marshmallow SD fix helped that, too (other text editors still work normally)
- altered dates in "Installed apps" (hard to tell which, but some egregiously - apps I installed years ago now show a February 20, 2022 install date; app file dates match this, I double-checked with X-plore)
I updated to TC 3.30 in late February and only just noticed these problems, except the app install date issue (probably related to TC's new app backup features; somehow these dates got changed to its own install date, February 20). Google Play Store/Services were last updated roughly a week ago.
Strange. Anyhow, the editor/multi-rename thing is clearly permission-related.